Tuesday, 11 December 2018

The Town of No Return

How was MEDIA LANGUAGE used to show the social context of the 60s?


In the 60s, men were seen as more powerful than women - this is portrayed in 'The Town of No Return' through camera work. At the start of a scene, the first character we see is a man, and the camera is at a low angle. This gives the man power, as we are looking up at him. Comparing this to when we see the woman, we see a full body shot of her showing off all of her curves and beauty.
             There was also a lot of sexual tension and flirtation in the 60s, with the new contraceptive pill being made helping this. This is very clearly shown in 'The Town of No Return' through the sound and actors body language. In the scene, the non-diegetic music already suggests that this scene will be slightly flirty between two characters. This is backed up when the woman takes off a bit of her clothing. When this happens, the music slightly rises in tone, creating a lighter mood. This creates tension for the audience, as they may start to wonder about the character's relationship (if it is more than a work-colleague relationship).
             Also through the camera lens, in the woman's apartment, we see a lot of 60s decor. For example, the was a lot of 60s popart paintings on the walls. This would appeal to the audience, as it was popular at the time.

Monday, 10 December 2018

Legoland movie

Week 1
Film - The British Board of Film Classification.
TV and Radio - Ofcom.
Advertising - Advertisement Standard Authority, ASA. Newspaper and Magazine - Press Complaints Commission, PCC. Video Games - Video Standards Council, VSC.

Postmodernist film is a classification for works that articulate the themes and ideas of postmodernism through the medium of film . A usual Postmodernist film would have expression of different genders, race, sexuality, religion etc.

The Lego Movie is a postmodernist film because of the narrative. The story line consists of things that couldn't possibly happen in a regular world, e.g falling into nothingness or simply living in a lego world.

Tuesday, 20 November 2018

Avengers and the 60s

The Swinging 60s

People were poorer and things were more expensive
Children were more respectful towards adults
Baths once a week
Police officers could smack the children
Single women could get the contraceptive pill

Famous bands were:
  • The Rolling Stones
  • The Beatles
  • The Who
  • Led Zeppelin
Most famous sportspeople:
  • Muhammad Ali
  • Willie Mays
  • Wilt Chamberlain
  • Johny Unitas
Political leaders:
  • Josh F. Kennedy - American President 
  • Robbert F. Kennedy - Attorney General
  • Martin Luther King - Peace Fighter
  • Richard Nixon - American President 
  • Conservatives and Labour Parties


The fashion industry was at its prime. Mod-related fashions such as the miniskirt simulated fashionable London shopping areas such as Canarby street and Kings Road, Chelsea. David Bailey sought to define Swinging London in a series of large photographic prints. His subjects include Michael Caine and Terence Stamp, John Lennon, Paul McCartney and Mick Jagger




The Avengers (1960)

ITV (ABC) produced the show.
Primary and secondary audience
  • adults(15+), working class, interested in action and excitement, male and female.
  • adults(15+), upper class (represented by the characters) male and female
The first episode aired 7th of January 1961
There were six series 
The last episode aired 21st of May 1969
For series 4, the budget per episode was £56,000
The Avengers 'Hit it Big'  in America and was on of the few ITV shows to do so.

The £2,000,000 from ABC.

  • Since the producers were given this large then-unheard of sum of money, they could spend it on filming the show with 35mm film rather than videotape. This was essential as it was a method compatible with U.S. methods.
  • The new filming type allowed for more flexibility during filming as they now used single camera set up.
  • This also allowed for more diverse camera angles and shots as well as outdoor location shooting.
  • There were also better props and better ways of filming (helicopters etc.).
  • All location work on series four was shot mute with the soundtrack created in post production and dialogue scenes were filmed in the studio.
  • The music was also much more sophisticated.
Series 4 brought with it new and old characters:
    Patrick Macnee Columbo 1975.JPG
  • Patrick Macnee remained John steed throughout the entire run of the show. Macnee had been called up for the United Kingdom Armed Forces. He joined the Navy as an ordinary Seaman in October 1942 and left as a lieutenant in 1946. He had also performed in Scrooge as the young Jacob Marley. As well as many small parts in American and Canadian television and theatre.
  • Diana Rigg took the role of Emma Peel, this was a character who was created to appeal to men. Rigg's professional debut was in the RADA production of The Caucasian Chalk Circle at the York Festival in 1957 which was a theatrical production. Appearing on The Avengers was her first television Debut.
Diana Rigg 1973.jpg
The BBC started to abolish its 'stuffy Auntie' image due to the competition that ITV brought. The class lines split class loyalty completely, with ITV tending to be more popular with the working class. Though when "youth culture" started to become popular it was 'cool' to be working class and so ITV's popularity and especially the popularity of The Avengers skyrocketed compared to the BBC's The Forsyte Saga which only lasted half a year. This was because of The Avenger's appeal to all classes giving the show more popularity














Tuesday, 13 November 2018

Serial TV Drama

Exploring the TV drama genre and conventions

What is the difference between TV drama and a Soap Opera?


Drama is more serious than soap and no as exaggerated.

A TV drama is a one off drama with little to no continuation, a serial TV drama is a long running show with a plot that develops every episode.

TV Drama can be split into many sub genres

  • Crime Drama.
Broadchurch
Sherlock
Gotham

  • Period Drama. 
Robin Hood
Call the Midwife
Downton Abbey
  • Teen Drama
13 Reasons Why
Riverdale
Pretty Little
  • Medical Drama
The Good Doctor
House
Grey's Anatomy
  • Science-Fiction Drama
Doctor Who
The Flash
Stranger Things
  • Fantasy Drama
Vampire Diaries
Supernatural 
Once Upon a Time
  • Political Drama
House if Cards
Designated Survivor
The Crown


NARRATIVE AND CHARACTERS





Serial vs Series

Series has the same characters throughout with new stories every episode whereas a serial has the same characters with an ongoing story line.

Reasons why serial is popular
  • Typically set in locations that the viewers know of and most likely live in/near.
  • Blamer/Kats Theory diversion












Friday, 9 November 2018

Television: Industries and Ownership

The term PSB (public service broadcast) is a term used for public benefit of a broadcast rather than commercial benefit.
There are three ways that a commercial broadcast makes a profit: subscription, sponsorship and advertisement.
In the UK, BBC is the main PSB channel.
Because PSB is funded by the public, they are legally obliged by law to:

  •  deliver impartial news.
  • represent all diverse communities of people.
  • support learning for people of all ages.
  • to show the most creative, highest quality and distinctive output and services.
  • to represent the UK's culture to the world.
In January 1927 the BBC was established by Royal Charter as the British Broadcasting Corporation.

BBC Channels.

  • BBC 1.
  • BBC 2.
  • BBC 3.
  • BBC 4.
  • CBBC.
  • CBeebies.
  • BBC News.
  • BBC Parlement.
  • BBC Alba.
BBC Mission.
Most Popular BBC 1 programmes:
  • Doctor Who,
  • Sherlock,
  • Strictly Come Dancing,
  • Bodyguard,
  • Eastenders,
  • Luther.
Most Expensive to make is Game of Thrones, however of the BBC it is The Crown.

Other platforms of The BBC:
  • Radio,
  • iPlayer.
BBC's income:
  • BBC's income is primarily from the TV licences.
However there are other ways the BBC to generate income:
  • Selling its programmes to other broadcasting companies.
  • Selling audio tapes and CDs of its best radio programmes
  • Selling videos and DVDs of its best TV shows.
  • selling books based on programmes, and magazines about science and natural history.
Advantages of being publicly owned:
  • By being publicly owned, they're more popular as they're trusted more.
  • They have guidelines set for them so their audience know what they're about.
  • Guaranteed income


Commercial Institutions 


These generally have no guaranteed income therefore it;s mandatory that they have means of profit:
  • Sponsorship
  • Product Placement 
  • Advertisement
  • Subscription  


ITV.

Channels:
  • ITV1.
  • ITV2.
  • ITV3.
  • ITV4.
  • ITVBe.
  • CITV.
  • ITV Box Office.
  • ITV HD.
  • The Store.
ITV's mission statement:
By developing and managing the rights to content, ITV is able to maximise the value of its programme brands across a range of revenue streams, making ITV a more balanced business and enabling it to drive value from different revenue models.

Most popular ITV programmes:

  • Everdale.
  • The X Factor.
  • Coronation Street.
  • I'm A Celebrity, Get Me Out Of Here.
  • The Chase.
  • Midsomer murders.
Most expensive ITV programme:
ROME.

Other Platforms:
  • Radio,
  • Mobile media,
  • ITV Studios UK, USA 
  • Generates Income from:
    • Adverts of products and product placement.
    • Box Sets.
    • Sponsorship of shows.
    • Franchising programs.
    • Premium rate phone lines.
    • Reality TV shows.
    • Online services


    Duopoly in the 1960s.

    The era of the two competing broadcasters - ITV and the BBC - was called the 'Golden Age' of broadcasting in the UK. 

    Pros.

    • No money is shared between different companies.
    • Less competition.
    • Programmes are of higher quality.
    • Full control of creativity and editing.
    • Pushing for better content.
    • Allowed in-house talent and content to be developed over time and build a loyal audience.
    • Production became more of a business.

    Cons.

    • Less shows to work with.
    • Hard for voices outside of the institution to be heard.
    • Ideas subject to the ideologies of those in power/political pressure.
    • Some argued in competition with ITV and the BBC 'dumbled down' the content.








Tuesday, 6 November 2018

Television: Industries and Audiences

LO: To research the history, companies and regulators in the television industry,

Paper 1: section A
Unseen extract from a TV drama
Three questions about the extract

Could be asked about:

  • How media language is has been used to create meaning.
  • How the industry has influenced the meaning
  • The audiences reaction to the extract
  • The social, cultural and historical context
In your own words, write definitions for the following terms




  • Publicly Owned TV Channel: a channel which receives funding from the government, meaning they're restricted by state regulations.
  • Commercial TV Channel: a channel which is owned by its own private corporate media which isn't affected by state censorship.
  • Convergence: The interlinking of different technologies and media platforms.
  • Watershed: The time which TV programs which may be unsuitable for children may broadcast.
  • Segmented Market: splitting a business or market into different sub-genres to specialise for different target audiences.
  • Mainstream: Normal or traditional forms of mass communication.
  • Self-regulating: An organisation which regulates itself rather than  
  • Franchise: A collection of related media
  • Channel-Surfing: flicking through channels without a particular channel in mind.
  • PSB: programming produced mainly for the public
  • TV License: Legal permission to use or install television
  • Scheduling: Arranging programmes to fit a plan
  • Conglomerate: a company which owns other companies 


  • When was TV introduced in the UK?
    In 1965, how many channels were there in the UK and what were they?
    When did ITV start? why was it different?
    Which UK channels have to follow PSB remits?
    Who regulates TV now?
    Who regulated TV channels in the 1960s?
    List the differences between TV in the 1960s and now.

    Tuesday, 26 June 2018

    Exam Questions

    Explain one way in which music videos use media language to differ from each other. Refer to one example of contrasting media language in two music videos you have studied to support your answer

    Music videos use different phrases in the diegetic and non diegetic sound which cause different emotions. For example in the song "If I were a boy" by Beyonce she uses the anaphors of the subordinate clause "If I were a boy" to represent the inequality of gender and how males are allowed to do things... but females cant, causing quite an emotional response. However, in Bruno Mars' "Uptown Funk", he repeats the phrase "Uptown funk you up" which has a comical value and will cause a happier response; this will relate to the happier, more upbeat fans.

    Refer to extract 1 in the insert. Analyse the representation of musicians in extract 1, which is from MOJO Magazine.

    The main image of the extract has a monochrome view to it, it's black and white which represents depression, this attracts the target audience of MOJO, (straight white middle-aged people of class C to D) as their interests are quite hardcore and tend to like black and white, as Stanley Hall argued "Adolescence is inherently a time of storm and stress when all young people go through some degree of emotional and behaviour upheaval", meaning teenagers may also be attracted to this due to their stress. The musicians are portrayed as Gods, being the soul focus of the cover, they're all over the cover in bold writing, showing the significance of them. The black and white cover perhaps represents the depression of the main star.

    Refer to Extract 1 and 2 in the insert.

    How far is media language used differently in Extracts 1 and 2

    In your answer you must:

    • analyse examples of how media language is used similarly and differently in extracts 1 and 2 which are from 'We Love Pop' and 'Mojo' magazines.
    • Make judgements and reach conclusions about whether there are more similarities due to genre conventions than differences in the extracts.
    Both magazines contain an idolisation of the musicians being the main focus of the magazine. The colour pallets both represent the magazines' respective target audience. MOJO has a monochrome, black and white cover, this represents the primary target audience of straight white middle0aged people of class C-D as it represents depression. We Love Pop's colour pallet is extremely bright, pink and girly, this represents the target audience of teenage girls of classes C-D as they're typically bright and girly. The stories on the MOJO magazine and laid out in uniform layout,this represents the more civilised primary target audience as they're older and tend to be more organised, We Lo-*

    Explain reasons what film company would release a video game linked to a film
    1)The film company wishes to advertise its film by releasing a video game, those who play video games would tend to play the video game first and then watch the movie after the game.
    2)The video game will keep the movie advertised for longer as it keeps the movie relevant and in the public eye.

    Explain at least two uses and gratification of video games using Blumer and Katz's theory.
    Refer to the Lego Movie Video Game to support your answers.
    People would play the Lego Movie Video game because of the social gains they accumulate, for example, Blumer and Katz's theory that people undergo media consumption to socialise. As many children would have played The Video Game, their friends would also want to play the game, meaning more buyers and more money for the company. Another of Blumer and Katz's theories is that people undergo media consumption as a distraction for the melancholy boredom of everyday life, this is true as people tend to play video games to distract them from their boredom, those who played The Lego Movie Video Game would have bought the game meaning more buyers and more money for the company, as well as this, those who played the game are more likely to watch the movie as they are now aware of the narrative and the characters, The third theory of Blumer and Kat'z is that people undergo media consumption for the goal of self discovery, whether it's because of the characters that they relate to teaching them about themselves or because the narrative teaches them important life lessons which apply to them and therefore teaches them something new about themselves. The last reason why someone would undergo media consumption is because of the surveillance, People learn about the world and so instead the consumers ;earn about the narrative and characters of the game and movie, this makes them more likely to watch the movie as they know more about what it's all about.


    Regulators

    Video Game Regulators:
    IARC - International
    ESRB - North America

    Radio Regulators:
    OFCOM

    Televison:
    OFCOM

    Adverts:
    ASA - Advertising Standards Authority

    Films:
    BBFC

    Tuesday, 15 May 2018

    Matrix and Lego Movie Exam Question

    Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the intertextual relationship between The Matrix and The Lego Movie (10 marks)

    The pros of stealing the ideas and characters from another movie is that you do not have to be imaginative with coming up with your own ideas. The Lego movie copied the entire plot from the Matrix; including both of the settings being in a completely imaginative world. Both movies have an average guy who becomes a hero, a leader who is captured, and once both of them 'die' and come back to life they are able to do anything. With the Matrix being successful, this means the Lego Movie would be successful. The Lego Movie producers did not need to use their imagination to come up with ideas as they had this template already created.
              The disadvantage of copying another movie is the threat of copyright. The company would lose a lot of money and would have to remove the movie from everywhere had they been copyright struck. It is lucky that the Lego Movie did not even though they copied the entire film.
             


    Friday, 27 April 2018

    Lego Movie Posters

    Teaser Posters tend to be released a few weeks before a movie is released unless it is a part of a film franchise, in which case it'll be released a few months before the movie is released.
    Theatrical posters contain a lot more information and are released about a week before the movie is released
    The Legoland Movie released 13 teaser trailers and 2 theatrical  trailers...

    Tuesday, 24 April 2018

    Blumer and Katz

    Reasons for consumption of media products:

    Diversion - Using the media to escape the boredom of everyday life.
    Personal Relationships -  The media forms relationships between people who share the same interests.
    Personal Identity -  Using the media to find out more about themselves and what they enjoy.
    Surveillance -  Using the media to find information.

    Lego Movie Video Game

    Vertical Integration Media Definition: when the combination in one firm of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate firm, distribution and exhibition of the film by the same company, because of this they receive all of the profit.

    Simultaneous releases:
    spiderman 1,2 and 3 all had video-games
    Madagascar 1 and 2 both had video-games
    Tron Evolution released a video-game

    Companies often release tie-in video-games alongside their movies to advertise each other, if someone who plays games comes across and enjoys the game they may watch the movie and vice versa. This contains intertextuality too.
    There are 4 main reasons why companies do this:
    To maximise profit by releasing two products.
    Familiarity of one product may advertise the second.
    The game promotes the film, the film promotes the game. 
    The game allows the player to control the action and be part of the story.

    Blumler and Katz: Reasons for Consumption of the Media:

    Diversion - Using the media to escape the boredom of everyday life.
    Personal Relationships -  The media forms relationships between people who share the same interests.
    Personal Identity -  Using the media to find out more about themselves and what they enjoy.
    Surveillance -  Using the media to find information.

    Related to the game:

    Diversion -  The lego movie game and movie both distract from the boredom of average life with action
    Personal Relationships -  They build relationships with people who enjoy the games and movie.
    Personal Identity -  They help young people understand what they like


    How is the Lego Movie video game used to promote the lego movie to the target audience?

    The audience of the Lego Movie Video Game would be children, it would be quite rare to see an adult playing it. This would make the children want to watch the movie. Also there is use of Blumler and Katz theory, the use of diversion. This day in age, most children like to play video games, and having a toy (lego), they will want to combine the two. The game would appeal to children and they would find it fun, and then they would want to watch the movie, vice versa. The children will also talk about this to their friends and family, also relating the the Blumler and Katz theory. The secondary audience may be adults (parents etc.) to get some nostalgia. 








    Tuesday, 17 April 2018

    Lego TV Commercial

    Lego teamed up with Warner Brothers

    On 9th February 2014 at 7:27pm in Dancing on Ice, ITV Broadcast a world first an ad break made entirely out of lego

    British Heart Foundation


    The primary target audience for this advert is middle class/working class males who like football and action movies as the main actor for this advert is an ex=football player who now stars as gangsters in movies.
    The secondary target audience is the kind mothers who donate to charities such as the British heart Foundation

    Confused.Com




    The primary target audience for this advert is teenagers who own cars as it helps them save money but it can also relate to them as the pressure from their peers is shown in the advert, The secondary target audience would just be people who own cars and want to save money on their car insurance.


    BT Infinty


    The primary target audience for this advert is university students who want faster internet, they may relate to this as the mention of listening to music is quite common for young people like that.
    The secondary target audience would be adults who want a faster internet for their family.


    Premier Inn



    The primary target audience for this advert would be adults and young adults who recognise the man in the advert and tend to travel away from home.
    The secondary target audience is people who are planning on travelling and looking for a nice place to stay.

    These audiences may contain people who will be drawn to the Lego Movie after seeing these adverts remade in lego. The intervals between adverts also contain small clips of the main characters.
    After all of these adverts the Lego Movie trailer is shown to end the commercial break




    Discuss a unique marketing strategy used to promote the Lego Movie

    In 2014, on the 9th February in Dancing on Ice, ITV broadcast a world first an ad break made made entirely out of lego. This was different to anything that had been done before. It stood out to children because they like lego. 
    It consisted of 4 adverts made out of lego.


    Tuesday, 27 March 2018

    Lego Movie Marketing

    Ways a movie can be marketed:
    toys
    trailers
    posters
    merchandise
    social media
    actors and interviews
    memes
    video games

    Merchandise for the lego movie:
    17 Lego sets
    16 collectable figures
    The Lego Movie Video Game
    Range of school supplies
    Sticker and Activity books
    Lego Movie Happy Meal















    Promotions:
    Pre-production - scripting/planning/casting actors/hiring crew etc.

    Tuesday, 20 March 2018

    Lego Movie Target Audience

    The lego movies target audience is a family. With it being a U rating, this means it is addressed to children and adults.
    This is:
    children who like lego
    adults who have memories
    adults who have been dragged along

    Bloomer and Catz (1973)
    Bloomer and Catz said there are 4 main reasons why people buy media products.


    Diversion -
    Escaping from everyday life into something more exiting

    Personal Relationships -
    Using the media to fulfil the need for companionship
    Using the media to form relationships with others or to be apart of a social group

    Personal Identity -
    Using the media to find out about yourself

    Surveillance -
    Using the media to find out about events going on around is

    The lego movies target audience would be watching the movie for the reasons of diversion as its an exiting movie for children and distracts them for their life. This is because lego is colourful and attractive to them.

    Tuesday, 27 February 2018

    The Lego Movie Narrative

    Intertextuality is when one text links to another
    The Lego movie is an advert for lego.
    The plot is very similar to The Matrix

    Narrative.

    Equilibrium - Emmet is an average guy living a happy life and "everything is awesome"

    Disruption - Emmet meets Wildstyle and gets stuck to the piece of resistance, He then is forced to                          run from the police force.

    Resolution - They take refuge in Cloud Cuckoo Land and bring together the master builders to                                 inspire them to work together.

    Disruption - Emmet's speech is terrible and doesn't inspire anyone.
                        Cloud Cuckoo Land is invaded and destroyed by the Police force, capturing many                                master builders in the process.

    Resolution - The team builds a submarine to escape from the Police.

    Disruption - The submarine floods and explodes. woah

    Resolution - The team hides inside a double-decker couch to avoid drowning and to escape from the                       Police Force. The couch is found by Metal Beard

    Tuesday, 20 February 2018

    Big Six Hollywood Studios

    Warner Bros. Pictures. Warner Bros. Pictures stands at the forefront of the entertainment industry.









    20th Century Fox



    Paramount Pictures. Paramount Pictures is the longest operating major studio in Hollywood.









    Universal Pictures



    Sony Pictures Entertainment 









    Walt Disney Studios.




    A conglomerate is the combination of two or more corporations engaged in entirely different businesses that fall under one corporate group.

    The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) regulates films in the UK

    The stages of production are:
    Development - Ideas for the film are created, rights for plays/books etc. are brought. The screenplay is written and financing is sought.

    Preproduction - Preparations for the film are , actors are hired as well as crew, locations are selected and sets are constructed.

    Production - The raw footage is recorded.

    Post Production - The images, sound and visual effects are edited.

    Distribution - The finished film is distributed, marketed and screened in cinemas and/or to be sold on home video.


    Warners Bros. and animal logic produced the Lego Movie 
    Chris Miller directed the Lego Movie